Middle- and upper-class women may be afforded more or less range of acceptable behavior when it comes to gender. Historical discrepancy in the treatment of women's sexuality according to class status also accounts for various embodiments and understandings of femininity that result in some women seeming more "masculine" than others (i.e., women of color are stereotyped as being more sexually aggressive, or "masculine," than white women). For that matter, women of color are often seen as being more masculine simply because of racist stereotypes. These women may also be identified in masculine terms because they do not reflect white female beauty standards that, aside from "whiteness," require money and leisure time to attain.
Animatrice masculine or feminine manual#
The racialized division of labor in many Western countries allocates work that requires manual labor for women of color and working-class women. For instance, women of color and working-class women may be seen as more "masculine"-strong, independent, and/or self-reliant-because of the challenges and struggles particular to their racial and socioeconomic reality. The observation and identification of a woman as "masculine" or "manly" is highly dependent on race and class. The term "female empowerment" refers to the transformation of power relations between men and women and advocates a redefinition of femininity that would expand traditional concepts of femininity and femaleness.
Feminist initiatives have encouraged these values in women and girls. Rather, these qualities are constructed as being masculine even though they are commonly found in women. Yet, the qualities that masculine women possess-confidence, assertiveness, independence, and daring-are not scientifically or biologically male attributes. Because she is seen as a deviation from the feminine standard, the figure of the masculine (manly) woman helps to uphold the moralizing "normalcy" of traditional femininity, which itself confirms contemporary heterosexuality as the natural, default sexual orientation (McGann 1999). In this system where activities, styles, bodies, behaviors, and even objects are all definitively gendered, females and males who exhibit characteristics of the opposite gender are seen as at best, gender variant and at worst, gender deviant. Social concepts of masculine women and effeminate men rely on the binary gender system that directly ties gender (masculinity and femininity) to sex (maleness and femaleness). Most generically masculine or manly women do not conform to feminine stereotypes.
These women are masculine in appearance, have masculine interests, prefer the company of men, and/or perform masculine tasks or jobs. Masculine or manly women are female-bodied individuals who possess qualities that are perceived to be masculine.
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